有关美国氢能燃料电池汽车，你不知道的10件事儿-

10 Things You Didn’t Know about Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles in America

有关美国氢能燃料电池汽车，你不知道的10件事儿

Will the hydrogen economy ever get here? Too soon to tell.

氢能经济能现实吗？现在说这个还为时尚早。

Autoweek has had a Toyota Mirai fuel cell vehicle for coming up on one year now. In that time we’ve put almost 8,000 miles on it and found it gets a real-world range of 250 to 260 miles, well short of its EPA range of 310 miles per tankful.

Autoweek驾驶一辆丰田Mirai燃料电池汽车有一年的时间了。在这一年的里，我们行驶将近有8000英里，发现它的实际行驶里程为250-260英里，远低于所标注的加满氢气可行驶310英里。

But the long-term Mirai forces me to pay attention to fuel cell topics in general and thus I found myself sitting in on the “Hydrogen Stations Webinar: Update on Network Development Status in California,” put on by the California Fuel Cell Partnership. Combined with additional research, here are 10 things you should know about the state of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in America today.

但长期驾驶Mirai的经历，总体来说还是让我非常关注有关氢能燃料电池的话题，因此我发现自己就坐在电脑前，参加美国燃料电池合作伙伴召开的“Hydrogen Stations Webinar: Update on Network Development Status in California,”-加州加氢站网络发展现状更新在线研讨会“。结合其它的研究，这里有10件有关美国氢能燃料电池汽车发展的事情，是你应该要知道的。

1：Fuel Cells Continue Growth, but It's Slow

燃料电池汽车保持不断增长，但速度很慢

There are 8,285 fuel cell vehicles in America right now, according the California Fuel Cell Partnership. That’s out of roughly 270 million gasoline-powered (and a few diesel- and battery-powered) cars, trucks and SUVs. Even pure battery electric vehicles passed 1 million sales in America way back in 2018. The fuel cell economy is just getting started, and it is still dependent on government and carmaker support to survive. Compared to the existing national fleet it is almost microscopic, but it’s growing.

据美国加州燃料电池合作伙伴的数据，美国现保有氢能燃料电池汽车8，285辆。这是约2.7亿辆柴油动力汽车（及少量的和电动汽车）卡车和SUV的一部分。2018年，美国的纯电动汽车销售量超过了100万辆。而燃料电池才刚刚起步。它仍依赖于政府和汽车生产商的支持才能生存。和现有的车辆相比，燃料电池汽车的数量微不足道，但它仍然在保持增长。

2：It's a California Thing

这是加州的事情

Almost all America's fuel cell vehicles are in California. There are a handful in Hawaii. This is because there is no hydrogen fueling network anywhere in the U.S. outside California and the Aloha State. Right now, there are 41 hydrogen refueling stations in California and one in Hawaii. There are 12 more in development in the Northeastern U.S. and more expected in the Pacific Northwest.

美国几乎所有的燃料电池汽车都在加州。在夏威夷也有几辆。因为在美国，除了加州和夏威夷州外，其它地方根本没有加氢站。现在，在加州有41座加氢站，夏威夷州有1座。美国东部有12座加氢站在建设中，预计在太平洋西部很快也会有更多的加氢站出现。

3：42 Fuel Cell Buses Roam California Streets

有42辆氢能燃料电池公交车穿梭在加州的街道上

In addition to those 8,285 fuel cell-powered vehicles, there are 42 hydrogen fuel cell buses. A hydrogen fuel cell-powered city bus costs $1.2 million, given today's production rates. The cost will come down as orders increase. With an order for 100, the cost would drop to under $900,000. For comparison, a regular old diesel city bus costs about $250,000; a natural gas-powered city bus $300,000; an electric city bus can cost between $500,000 and $800,000; a diesel electric hybrid bus is about $550,000. But: The savings resulting from a zero-emission bus can be $190,000, according to a study by the New York Transit and MTA: That’s $150,000 per bus health cost reduction when you limit pollution levels in the city and $39,000/year in fuel and maintenance savings.

除8，285辆氢能燃料电池汽车外，加州还有42辆燃料电池公交车。按目前的成本造价，一辆氢能燃料电池公交车的成本是120万美元。随着订单量的增加，氢能燃料电池公交车的成本会不断降低。如果氢能燃料电池公交车的订单有100辆，那么成本将会降至90万美元以下。与之相比的是，一辆普通的柴油车售价约为25万美元，天然气驱动的公交车售价为30万美元，而一辆纯电动公交的价格为50万-80万美元之间，一辆混合动力的公交车约为55万美元。但是据纽约交通和大都会运输署MTA的一项研究，一辆零排放的公交车每年可节省19万美元。如果你所居住的城市对污染水平有所限制，每辆氢能燃料电池公交车可节省15万美元的医疗成本，还能节约3.9万美元的燃料费和维护费用。

4：Hydrogen Fuel Was Scarce Last Year, but It Should Be Better This Year

去年氢燃料有些紧缺，今年应当会好一些

Last year was a little tough for hydrogen fuel cell drivers, with regular shortages at existing fuel cell stations. Anecdotal surveys—i.e., me scanning all stations at any given time over the course of last year—showed roughly half the stations had zero fuel available.

去年对氢能燃料电池汽车司机来说，可能会比较困难，因为现有的加氢站经常会出现无氢可加的现象。坊间传闻-就比如我来说，去年我对所有的加氢站都参观过，结果显示大约一半的加氢站无氢可加。

5：Liquid Hydrogen Could Be the Answer

液氢将会是答案

Most stations get pressurized gaseous hydrogen, which is dependent on compressor stations and a network of trucks to get the H2 to you. Many future stations will deliver liquid hydrogen, the supply of which is larger and more reliable. As more stations are built, hydrogen availability for your fuel cell vehicle obviously increases.

目前大多数加氢站才使用压缩气态氢,这在很大程度上取决于压缩站点和卡车网络以将氢气运送到加氢站｡未来更多加氢站将会输送液态氢,其供应量将大幅提升且安全性将得到更大保障｡随着越来越多的加氢站的建成,燃料电池汽车加氢的便捷性将明显增加｡

6 ：More Are Coming

新建加氢站越来越多

The CaFCP says the goal is 200 hydrogen stations in California by 2025. A whopping 1,000 stations in the state are “envisioned” by 2030. once fueling stations are added in other states, the number of fuel cell vehicles nationwide will grow.

加州燃料电池合作伙伴(CaFCP)表示,到2025年加州的目标是建200座加氢站｡到2030年,该州预计将建成1000座加氢站｡一旦在其他州增设加氢站,全国范围内燃料电池汽车的数量将会增加｡

7 ：Each New Station Will Have More H2

新建加氢站储氢量将得以大幅提升

Roughly 80% of hydrogen refueling stations now have a capacity of 150 to 200 kilograms of hydrogen. A typical fill-up takes, maybe, 3 kilograms or a little more, in my experience. So a typical station can fill up between 50 and 67 hydrogen fuel cell cars before running out of H2. As future stations will use liquid hydrogen instead of gaseous hydrogen, they will have capacities of from 500 to 800 kg, or enough for 167 to 267 cars. Some stations could have capacities of 1,200 kgs, or 400 cars.

现在约80%的加氢站可储存150至200公斤氢气｡据我的经验,一次典型的加氢可能需要3公斤或更多的氢气｡因此目前的加站氢可为50-67辆氢能燃料电池汽车提供加氢服务｡在未来,加氢站将使用液态氢取代气态氢,加氢站的氢储量将提升到500至800公斤,这足以为167至267辆燃料电池车提供加氢服务｡一些加氢站的氢储量将可能达到1200公斤或为400辆汽车提供加氢服务｡

8：It's clean and getting cleaner

氢能是一种清洁能源并且正在变得更为清洁

Right now, 33% of hydrogen generation uses renewable energy sources like solar, wind and hydro. That percentage is planned to increase, though any increase is on hold during the current pandemic and delays resulting from it.

目前,约33%的氢气来源于可再生能源,例如太阳能､风能和水利发电｡这一比例在未来将有望继续增加,尽管在当前疫情期间任何增加都被正在被搁置从而造成了延误｡

9 ：It's a Global Thing

这个一个全球性的事情

Nineteen governments around the world have “hydrogen strategies” to develop hydrogen fuel cells within their borders. According to the CaFCP, Germany’s H2 Mobility program is the largest in Europe, while programs are underway throughout the European Union, Japan and China.

目前全球共有19个国家制定了“氢能战略”,以促进氢能燃料电池在其国内的发展｡据加州燃料电池合作伙伴(CaFCP)称,德国的H2 Mobility 是目前欧洲最大的“氢能战略”计划,而整个欧盟､日本和中国的氢能计划正在制定过程之中｡

10 :Free Hydrogen!

免费用氢